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- 演講-JK 羅琳哈佛演講
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2013年10月8日 星期二
President Faust, members of the Harvard Corporation and the Board of Overseers, members of the faculty, proud parents, and above all, graduates, the first thing I would like to say is "thank you." Not only has Harvard given me an extraordinary honor, but the weeks of fear and nausea I have endured, at the thought of giving this commencement address have made me lose weight. A win-win situation! Now all I have to do is take deep breaths, squint at the red banners and convince myself that I'm at the world's largest Gryffindor reunion.
Faust校長、哈佛理事會和監督委員會的各位成員、各位教職員、驕傲的父母們,和最重要的,畢業生們,首先我想說的是「謝謝你們」。哈佛不僅給了我至高無上的榮譽,也讓我承受了多周的恐懼及作嘔感,光是想到我要來這場畢業典禮演講就讓我的體重減輕了。雙贏的局面!現在我所要做的就是深呼吸、瞥向那紅色的旗幟,然後說服我自己說我正處在全世界最大的葛萊芬多(哈里波特中的魔法學院)同學會中。
Faust校長、哈佛理事會和監督委員會的各位成員、各位教職員、驕傲的父母們,和最重要的,畢業生們,首先我想說的是「謝謝你們」。哈佛不僅給了我至高無上的榮譽,也讓我承受了多周的恐懼及作嘔感,光是想到我要來這場畢業典禮演講就讓我的體重減輕了。雙贏的局面!現在我所要做的就是深呼吸、瞥向那紅色的旗幟,然後說服我自己說我正處在全世界最大的葛萊芬多(哈里波特中的魔法學院)同學會中。
Delivering a commencement address is a great responsibility, or so I thought until I cast my mind back to my own graduation. The commencement speaker that day was the distinguished British philosopher Baroness Mary Warnock. Reflecting on her speech has helped me enormously in writing this one, because it turns out that I can't remember a single word she said. This liberating discovery enables me to proceed without any fear that I might inadvertently influence you to abandon promising careers in business, the law or politics for the giddy delights of becoming a gay wizard.
發表畢業演說是一個很大的責任,我是這麼認為的,直到我回想起我自己的畢業典禮。那天畢業典禮的演講者是著名的英國哲學家Baroness Mary Warnock。回憶起她的演說對我寫這篇講稿的幫助極大,因為結果證明我想不起她所說的任何一個字。這令人釋然的發現讓我得以繼續下去,不用害怕我可能會不經意地影響你,放棄在商業界、法律界或政治圈內有大好前程的職業,只為了想成為一名同性戀巫師(註一)那昏頭的喜悅感。
發表畢業演說是一個很大的責任,我是這麼認為的,直到我回想起我自己的畢業典禮。那天畢業典禮的演講者是著名的英國哲學家Baroness Mary Warnock。回憶起她的演說對我寫這篇講稿的幫助極大,因為結果證明我想不起她所說的任何一個字。這令人釋然的發現讓我得以繼續下去,不用害怕我可能會不經意地影響你,放棄在商業界、法律界或政治圈內有大好前程的職業,只為了想成為一名同性戀巫師(註一)那昏頭的喜悅感。
You see? If all you remember in years to come is the "gay wizard" joke, I've come out ahead of Baroness Mary Warnock. Achievable goals: the first step to self improvement.
你看到了嗎?如果幾年後你所有記得的就是這個「同性戀巫師」的笑話,那我還比Baroness Mary Warnock略勝一籌。能夠達成的目標:自我成長的第一步。
你看到了嗎?如果幾年後你所有記得的就是這個「同性戀巫師」的笑話,那我還比Baroness Mary Warnock略勝一籌。能夠達成的目標:自我成長的第一步。
Actually, I have wracked my mind and heart for what I ought to say to you today. I have asked myself what I wish I had known at my own graduation, and what important lessons I have learned in the twenty-one years that have expired between that day and this.
事實上,我已經竭盡心力就為了想出今天我該跟你們說什麼。我問自己希望在自己的畢業典禮上知道些什麼,還有我學到了哪些重要的課題,在今日與那天之間已逝去了的二十一年內。
事實上,我已經竭盡心力就為了想出今天我該跟你們說什麼。我問自己希望在自己的畢業典禮上知道些什麼,還有我學到了哪些重要的課題,在今日與那天之間已逝去了的二十一年內。
I have come up with two answers. On this wonderful day when we are gathered together to celebrate your academic success, I have decided to talk to you about the benefits of failure. And as you stand on the threshold of what is sometimes called "real life," I want to extol the crucial importance of imagination.
我已經得到兩個答案。在這美好的一天,當我們聚在一起歡慶你們在學業上的成就時,我決定要與你們談談失敗的好處。當你們站在這個有時被稱作「現實生活」的起點時,我想要頌揚想像力決定性的重要性。
我已經得到兩個答案。在這美好的一天,當我們聚在一起歡慶你們在學業上的成就時,我決定要與你們談談失敗的好處。當你們站在這個有時被稱作「現實生活」的起點時,我想要頌揚想像力決定性的重要性。
These may seem quixotic or paradoxical choices, but bear with me.
這些似乎是異想天開或自相矛盾的選擇,但請耐心聽我說。
這些似乎是異想天開或自相矛盾的選擇,但請耐心聽我說。
Looking back at the twenty-one-year-old that I was at graduation is a slightly uncomfortable experience for the forty-two-year-old that she has become. Half my lifetime ago, I was striking an uneasy balance between the ambition I had for myself, and what those closest to me expected of me.
回顧我畢業典禮時那二十一歲的少女,對於她後來成為的四十二歲女人來說是一項不太舒服的體驗。我一半的人生之前,我在為自己所設的目標及那些最親的人對我的期待中尋求一個搖搖欲墜的平衡。
回顧我畢業典禮時那二十一歲的少女,對於她後來成為的四十二歲女人來說是一項不太舒服的體驗。我一半的人生之前,我在為自己所設的目標及那些最親的人對我的期待中尋求一個搖搖欲墜的平衡。
I was convinced that the only thing I wanted to do, ever, was write novels. However, my parents, both of whom came from impoverished backgrounds and neither of whom had been to college, took the view that my overactive imagination was an amusing personal quirk that would never pay a mortgage, or secure a pension. I know the irony strikes with the force of a cartoon anvil now, but...so they hoped that I would take a vocational degree.
我確信我唯一想做的事,一直以來,就是寫小說。然而,我的父母,兩位都來自貧窮的背景,而且兩位也都沒有上大學,認為我過於活躍的想像力只是一種拿來消遣的個人怪癖,永遠無法償還房貸,或確保退休金。我知道這現在非常的諷刺(卡通常出現從天而降的鐵砧,表示挨了一記重捶),但...所以他們希望我能去修職業學校的學位。
我確信我唯一想做的事,一直以來,就是寫小說。然而,我的父母,兩位都來自貧窮的背景,而且兩位也都沒有上大學,認為我過於活躍的想像力只是一種拿來消遣的個人怪癖,永遠無法償還房貸,或確保退休金。我知道這現在非常的諷刺(卡通常出現從天而降的鐵砧,表示挨了一記重捶),但...所以他們希望我能去修職業學校的學位。
I wanted to study English Literature. A compromise was reached that in retrospect satisfied nobody, and I went up to study Modern Languages. Hardly had my parents' car rounded the corner at the end of the road than I ditched German and scuttled off down the Classics corridor.
我想讀英國文學。協議是達成了,而回想起來,沒人對它感到滿意,然後我去大學讀了現代語言學。我爸媽的車子才剛走到道路盡頭的轉角處,我就拋棄德文、倉皇逃向古典文學的迴廊。
我想讀英國文學。協議是達成了,而回想起來,沒人對它感到滿意,然後我去大學讀了現代語言學。我爸媽的車子才剛走到道路盡頭的轉角處,我就拋棄德文、倉皇逃向古典文學的迴廊。
I cannot remember telling my parents that I was studying Classics; they might well have found out for the first time on graduation day.Of all the subjects on this planet, I think they would have been hard put to name one less useful than Greek mythology when it came to securing the keys to an executive bathroom.
我不記得有告訴我爸媽我正在讀古典文學;他們很可能是到畢業典禮當天才恍然第一次發現。在這星球上的所有科目中,我想他們應該很難列舉出比希臘神話還不實用的學科,當談到要弄到一份擁有高階主管廁所的職位時。
我不記得有告訴我爸媽我正在讀古典文學;他們很可能是到畢業典禮當天才恍然第一次發現。在這星球上的所有科目中,我想他們應該很難列舉出比希臘神話還不實用的學科,當談到要弄到一份擁有高階主管廁所的職位時。
Now I would like to make it clear, in parenthesis, that I do not blame my parents for their point of view. There is an expiry date on blaming your parents for steering you in the wrong direction. The moment you are old enough to take the wheel, responsibility lies with you. What is more, I cannot criticize my parents for hoping that I would never experience poverty. They had been poor themselves, and I have since been poor, and I quite agree with them that it is not an ennobling experience. Poverty entails fear and stress, and sometimes depression. It means a thousand petty humiliations and hardships. Climbing out of poverty by your own efforts: that is something on which to pride yourself, but poverty itself is romanticized only by fools.
現在我要澄清,註解說明,我不會因為我爸媽的觀點而責備他們。責怪你父母引導你往錯誤的方向是有期限的。你年紀大到足以掌握方向盤的那一刻,責任就在於你了。再者,我無法批評我的父母,因為他們希望我永不經歷貧窮。他們曾經貧困過,而我也因而窮過,我非常同意他們,這不是一種高尚的經驗。貧窮使人蒙受恐懼、壓力,有時沮喪。它意指上千次的小屈辱及難關。靠你自己的努力走出貧窮:那是某種很令人自傲的事,但只有傻子才會把貧窮本身浪漫化。
現在我要澄清,註解說明,我不會因為我爸媽的觀點而責備他們。責怪你父母引導你往錯誤的方向是有期限的。你年紀大到足以掌握方向盤的那一刻,責任就在於你了。再者,我無法批評我的父母,因為他們希望我永不經歷貧窮。他們曾經貧困過,而我也因而窮過,我非常同意他們,這不是一種高尚的經驗。貧窮使人蒙受恐懼、壓力,有時沮喪。它意指上千次的小屈辱及難關。靠你自己的努力走出貧窮:那是某種很令人自傲的事,但只有傻子才會把貧窮本身浪漫化。
What I feared most for myself at your age was not poverty, but failure.
在你們這個年紀我最害怕的不是貧窮,而是失敗。
在你們這個年紀我最害怕的不是貧窮,而是失敗。
At your age, in spite of a distinct lack of motivation at university,where I had spent far too long in the coffee bar writing stories, and far too little time at lectures, I had a knack for passing examinations,and that, for years, had been the measure of success in my life and that of my peers.
在你們這個年紀,儘管我在大學時明顯缺乏衝勁,我花太多時間在咖啡館(註二)寫故事、太少時間在課堂上,但我很有本領考試過關,而這,多年來,都是衡量我、以及我同輩的人生是否成功的標準。
在你們這個年紀,儘管我在大學時明顯缺乏衝勁,我花太多時間在咖啡館(註二)寫故事、太少時間在課堂上,但我很有本領考試過關,而這,多年來,都是衡量我、以及我同輩的人生是否成功的標準。
Now I am not dull enough to suppose that because you are young, gifted and well-educated, you have never known heartbreak...hardship or heartache. Talent and intelligence never yet inoculated anyone against the caprice of the fates, and I do not for a moment suppose that everyone here has enjoyed an existence of unruffled privilege and contentment.
現在,我也不會蠢到認為因為你們都還很年輕、有天份、受過良好教育,就從未經歷過心碎...困境或心痛。天賦和聰明才智決不會幫任何人打上預防針以避免命運乖舛,而我一刻也沒想過在座各位都曾享受過一帆風順的特權及滿足的存在。
現在,我也不會蠢到認為因為你們都還很年輕、有天份、受過良好教育,就從未經歷過心碎...困境或心痛。天賦和聰明才智決不會幫任何人打上預防針以避免命運乖舛,而我一刻也沒想過在座各位都曾享受過一帆風順的特權及滿足的存在。
However, the fact that you are graduating from Harvard suggests that you are not very well-acquainted with failure. You might be driven by a fear of failure quite as much as a desire for success.Indeed, your conception of failure might not be too far removed from the average person's idea of success. So high have you already flown.
然而,你們要從哈佛畢業的事實就表明了你們不甚熟悉失敗。對失敗的恐懼就如你們對成功的渴望,一樣的驅策著你們。的確,你們對失敗的概念或許與一般人對成功的想法相去不遠。你們已經翱翔得如此之高了。
然而,你們要從哈佛畢業的事實就表明了你們不甚熟悉失敗。對失敗的恐懼就如你們對成功的渴望,一樣的驅策著你們。的確,你們對失敗的概念或許與一般人對成功的想法相去不遠。你們已經翱翔得如此之高了。
Ultimately, we all have to decide for ourselves what constitutes failure, but the world is quite eager to give you a set of criteria if you let it. So I think it's fair to say that by any conventional measure, a mere seven years after my graduation day, I had failed on an epic scale. An exceptionally short-lived marriage had imploded, and I was jobless, a lone parent, and as poor as it is possible to be in modern Britain, without being homeless. The fears that my parents had had for me, and that I had had for myself, had both come to pass, and by every usual standard, I was the biggest failure I knew.
最終,我們全都得自行決定是什麼造成失敗,但如果你允許,這世界會迫不及待地提供你一套標準。所以我認為公平而言,以任何傳統的衡量方式,在我畢業之後僅僅七年,我已經失敗得一蹋糊塗。一段異常短暫的婚姻崩解了,我無業、是個單親媽媽、我在當代英國可說是窮途潦倒,只差沒有無家可歸。我父母對我的擔憂、我對自己的擔憂,兩者都發生了,而以每個尋常的標準來說,我是就我所知最大的失敗者。
最終,我們全都得自行決定是什麼造成失敗,但如果你允許,這世界會迫不及待地提供你一套標準。所以我認為公平而言,以任何傳統的衡量方式,在我畢業之後僅僅七年,我已經失敗得一蹋糊塗。一段異常短暫的婚姻崩解了,我無業、是個單親媽媽、我在當代英國可說是窮途潦倒,只差沒有無家可歸。我父母對我的擔憂、我對自己的擔憂,兩者都發生了,而以每個尋常的標準來說,我是就我所知最大的失敗者。
Now, I am not going to stand here and tell you that failure is fun.That period of my life was a dark one, and I had no idea that there was going to be what the press has since represented as a kind of fairy tale resolution. I had no idea then how far the tunnel extended, and for a long time, any light at the end of it was a hope rather than a reality.
現在,我不是要站在這告訴你們失敗很有趣。那段時間是我人生中的黑暗期,我也沒有任何頭緒之後將會有一個媒體所報導的、像某種童話故事般的結局。當時的我完全不知道這隧道還會延伸多遠,而有一段很長的時間,在隧道盡頭的任何光線都是希望而不是現實。
現在,我不是要站在這告訴你們失敗很有趣。那段時間是我人生中的黑暗期,我也沒有任何頭緒之後將會有一個媒體所報導的、像某種童話故事般的結局。當時的我完全不知道這隧道還會延伸多遠,而有一段很長的時間,在隧道盡頭的任何光線都是希望而不是現實。
So why do I talk about the benefits of failure? Simply because failure meant a stripping away of the inessential. I stopped pretending to myself that I was anything other than what I was, and began to direct all my energy into finishing the only work that mattered to me.Had I really succeeded at anything else, I might never have found the determination to succeed in the one arena where I believed I truly belonged. I was set free, because my greatest fear had been realized, and I was still alive, and I still had a daughter whom I adored, and I had an old typewriter and a big idea. And so rock bottom became the solid foundation on which I rebuilt my life.
所以,為什麼我要談論失敗的好處呢?僅僅是因為失敗代表了摒除不必要的事物。我不再對自己佯裝我是除了自己以外的其他任何人,而我也開始將所有精力都放在完成對我有意義的唯一事物上。如果我真的在其他事物上成功了,也許我就永遠不會找到決心,在我相信我真正歸屬的這個領域中成功。我沒有任何束縛,因為我最大的恐懼已經實現,而我仍然活著,而且我還有一個我深愛的女兒,我也有一台老舊的打字機和一個偉大的理想。所以這谷底成為我重建人生的堅實基礎。
所以,為什麼我要談論失敗的好處呢?僅僅是因為失敗代表了摒除不必要的事物。我不再對自己佯裝我是除了自己以外的其他任何人,而我也開始將所有精力都放在完成對我有意義的唯一事物上。如果我真的在其他事物上成功了,也許我就永遠不會找到決心,在我相信我真正歸屬的這個領域中成功。我沒有任何束縛,因為我最大的恐懼已經實現,而我仍然活著,而且我還有一個我深愛的女兒,我也有一台老舊的打字機和一個偉大的理想。所以這谷底成為我重建人生的堅實基礎。
You might never fail on the scale I did, but some failure in life is inevitable. It is impossible to live without failing at something, unless you live so cautiously that you might as well not have lived at all (in which case, you fail by default).
也許你們永遠不會失敗得有如有我這等規模,但在人生中一些失敗是無可避免的。要在一生中完全不失敗是不可能的,除非你如此小心謹慎的活著以致於你也許根本沒活過(以這種情況來說,你註定失敗了)。
也許你們永遠不會失敗得有如有我這等規模,但在人生中一些失敗是無可避免的。要在一生中完全不失敗是不可能的,除非你如此小心謹慎的活著以致於你也許根本沒活過(以這種情況來說,你註定失敗了)。
Failure gave me an inner security that I had never attained by passing examinations. Failure taught me things about myself that I could have learned no other way. I discovered that I had a strong will, and more discipline than I had suspected. I also found out that I had friends whose value was truly above the price of rubies.
失敗給了我一種我從來無法藉由通過考試獲得的內心安全感。失敗教導我關於我自己的事情,這是我無法經由其他方法來學習的。我發現我有堅強的意志力,及比自己預想的還要更多的紀律。我也發覺我有真的比紅寶石價值還高的朋友。
失敗給了我一種我從來無法藉由通過考試獲得的內心安全感。失敗教導我關於我自己的事情,這是我無法經由其他方法來學習的。我發現我有堅強的意志力,及比自己預想的還要更多的紀律。我也發覺我有真的比紅寶石價值還高的朋友。
The knowledge that you have emerged wiser and stronger from setbacks means that you are, ever after, secure in your ability to survive. You will never truly know yourself, or the strength of your relationships, until both have been tested by adversity. Such knowledge is a true gift, for all that it is painfully won, and it has been worth more than any qualification I ever earned.
從挫折中你更有智慧也更堅強地顯露出的認知,代表你,從今以後,更肯定自己生存的能力。你永遠不會真正認識自己、或是友情的韌度,直到兩者都經歷過逆境的考驗。這樣的認知是一樣實實在在的禮物,雖然它是經歷如此痛苦才贏得的,而它比我所獲得的任何一樣資格都還要有價值。
從挫折中你更有智慧也更堅強地顯露出的認知,代表你,從今以後,更肯定自己生存的能力。你永遠不會真正認識自己、或是友情的韌度,直到兩者都經歷過逆境的考驗。這樣的認知是一樣實實在在的禮物,雖然它是經歷如此痛苦才贏得的,而它比我所獲得的任何一樣資格都還要有價值。
So given a Time Turner, I would tell my twenty-one-year-old self that personal happiness lies in knowing that life is not a check-list of acquisition or achievement. Your qualifications, your CV, are not your life, though you will meet many people of my age and older who confuse the two. Life is difficult and complicated, and beyond anyone's total control, and the humility to know that will enable you to survive its vicissitudes.
所以如果給我一台時光機,我會告訴我那二十一歲的自己,個人的快樂在於了解人生並不是一張收獲及成就的核對清單。你的資格證照、你的履歷( curriculum vitae),並不是你的人生,雖然你會見到許多跟我同年或年長的人將兩者混為一談。人生是艱難且複雜的,而且超越任何人的全盤掌控,而了解這事實的那份謙遜將會讓你能夠在人生的無常變化中存活下來。
所以如果給我一台時光機,我會告訴我那二十一歲的自己,個人的快樂在於了解人生並不是一張收獲及成就的核對清單。你的資格證照、你的履歷( curriculum vitae),並不是你的人生,雖然你會見到許多跟我同年或年長的人將兩者混為一談。人生是艱難且複雜的,而且超越任何人的全盤掌控,而了解這事實的那份謙遜將會讓你能夠在人生的無常變化中存活下來。
Now you might think that I chose my second theme, the importance of imagination, because of the part it played in rebuilding my life,but that is not wholly so. Though I personally will defend the value of bedtime stories to my last gasp, I have learned to value imagination in a much broader sense. Imagination is not only the uniquely human capacity to envision that which is not, and therefore the fount of all invention and innovation. In its arguably most transformative and revelatory capacity, it is the power that enables us to empathize with humans whose experiences we have never shared.
現在,你們可能會認為我之所以選擇我第二個主題,想像力的重要性,是因為在我重建人生的過程中它所扮演很重要的角色,但不全是這樣的。雖然我個人會捍衛床邊故事的重要性直到嚥下我的最後一口氣,但我已學會從一個更廣的角度來審視想像力的價值。想像力不僅是人類預見未知的獨特能力,因而是所有發明及創新的源頭。因其可說是最多變、最具啟迪性的能力,它也是使我們對未曾共享經驗的人們也能產生共鳴的力量。
現在,你們可能會認為我之所以選擇我第二個主題,想像力的重要性,是因為在我重建人生的過程中它所扮演很重要的角色,但不全是這樣的。雖然我個人會捍衛床邊故事的重要性直到嚥下我的最後一口氣,但我已學會從一個更廣的角度來審視想像力的價值。想像力不僅是人類預見未知的獨特能力,因而是所有發明及創新的源頭。因其可說是最多變、最具啟迪性的能力,它也是使我們對未曾共享經驗的人們也能產生共鳴的力量。
One of the greatest formative experiences of my life preceded Harry Potter, though it informed much of what I subsequently wrote in those books. This revelation came in the form of one of my earliest day jobs. Though I was sloping off to write stories during my lunch hours, I paid the rent in my early twenties by working at the African research department of Amnesty International's headquarters in London.
我一生中最了不起的生活經驗之一早在哈利波特之前,儘管它提供了很多我隨之在那些書中所寫的東西。這樣的啟示是以我最早期白天的工作之一的形式出現。雖然我常在午餐時間偷溜出來寫故事,但我在二十出頭時靠著在國際特赦組織倫敦總部的非洲研究部門的工作來支付我的房租。
我一生中最了不起的生活經驗之一早在哈利波特之前,儘管它提供了很多我隨之在那些書中所寫的東西。這樣的啟示是以我最早期白天的工作之一的形式出現。雖然我常在午餐時間偷溜出來寫故事,但我在二十出頭時靠著在國際特赦組織倫敦總部的非洲研究部門的工作來支付我的房租。
There in my little office, I read hastily scribbled letters smuggled out of totalitarian regimes
by men and women who were risking imprisonment to inform the outside world of what was happening to them. I saw photographs of those who had disappeared without trace, sent to Amnesty by their desperate families and friends. I read the testimony of torture victims and saw pictures of their injuries. I opened handwritten, eye-witness accounts of summary trials and executions, of kidnappings and rapes.
那裡在我的小辦公室中,我讀著倉促潦草書寫、由冒著被關風險的男男女女從極權主義政權偷渡出來的信件,告訴外界他們正遭遇些什麼事情。我看到渺無音訊的失蹤者的照片,由他們絕望的家人及朋友們寄給特赦組織。我讀著嚴刑拷打受害者的證詞,也看到他們傷勢的照片。我拆開綁架、強暴案的簡易審訊及處決的手寫、目擊敘述。
by men and women who were risking imprisonment to inform the outside world of what was happening to them. I saw photographs of those who had disappeared without trace, sent to Amnesty by their desperate families and friends. I read the testimony of torture victims and saw pictures of their injuries. I opened handwritten, eye-witness accounts of summary trials and executions, of kidnappings and rapes.
那裡在我的小辦公室中,我讀著倉促潦草書寫、由冒著被關風險的男男女女從極權主義政權偷渡出來的信件,告訴外界他們正遭遇些什麼事情。我看到渺無音訊的失蹤者的照片,由他們絕望的家人及朋友們寄給特赦組織。我讀著嚴刑拷打受害者的證詞,也看到他們傷勢的照片。我拆開綁架、強暴案的簡易審訊及處決的手寫、目擊敘述。
Many of my co-workers were ex-political prisoners, people who had been displaced from their homes, or fled into exile, because they had the temerity to speak against their governments. Visitors to our offices included those who had come to give information, or to try and find out what had happened to those who they had left behind.I shall never forget the African torture victim, a young man no older than I was at the time, who had become mentally ill after all he had endured in his homeland. He trembled uncontrollably as he spoke into a video camera about the brutality inflicted upon him. He was a foot taller than I was, and seemed as fragile as a child. I was given the job of escorting him back to the Underground station afterwards, and this man whose life had been shattered by cruelty took my hand with exquisite courtesy, and wished me future happiness.
我許多同事都是前政治犯,他們都曾經被迫離開家園,或逃難流亡,因為他們都有與政府唱反調的蠻勇。來我們辦公室參訪的人包含那些曾經前來給予資訊的人,或是試著查清楚他們拋下的夥伴們發生了什麼事的人。我永遠不會忘記那位非籍嚴刑拷打受害者,一位沒比當時的我老的年輕人,在他的家鄉承受了一切之後,已經變得精神錯亂。當在錄影機前談到在他身上曾遭施加的暴行時,他無法克制地顫抖。他比我高一呎(約三十公分),而看起來就像個孩子般脆弱。事後我被賦予護送他回到地鐵站的工作,這個一生被暴行給摧殘了的男人彬彬有禮的牽起我的手,並預祝我未來開心。
我許多同事都是前政治犯,他們都曾經被迫離開家園,或逃難流亡,因為他們都有與政府唱反調的蠻勇。來我們辦公室參訪的人包含那些曾經前來給予資訊的人,或是試著查清楚他們拋下的夥伴們發生了什麼事的人。我永遠不會忘記那位非籍嚴刑拷打受害者,一位沒比當時的我老的年輕人,在他的家鄉承受了一切之後,已經變得精神錯亂。當在錄影機前談到在他身上曾遭施加的暴行時,他無法克制地顫抖。他比我高一呎(約三十公分),而看起來就像個孩子般脆弱。事後我被賦予護送他回到地鐵站的工作,這個一生被暴行給摧殘了的男人彬彬有禮的牽起我的手,並預祝我未來開心。
And as long as I live, I shall remember walking along an empty corridor and suddenly hearing, from behind a closed door, a scream of pain and horror such as I have never heard since. The door opened, and the researcher poked out her head and told me to run and make a hot drink for the young man sitting with her. She had just had to give him the news that in retaliation for his outspokenness against his country's regime, his mother had been seized and executed.
而只要我還活著,我會記得有一次走在空蕩蕩的走道上,突然從一扇緊閉的門後聽見,像是至今我從未聽見過的痛苦且恐怖的尖叫聲。門開了,調查人員探出她的頭,叫我趕快跑去幫坐在她身旁的年輕男子倒杯熱水。她剛剛才不得不告知他,為了報復他反抗他國家政權的大膽直言,他的媽媽已經被抓走並處決了。
而只要我還活著,我會記得有一次走在空蕩蕩的走道上,突然從一扇緊閉的門後聽見,像是至今我從未聽見過的痛苦且恐怖的尖叫聲。門開了,調查人員探出她的頭,叫我趕快跑去幫坐在她身旁的年輕男子倒杯熱水。她剛剛才不得不告知他,為了報復他反抗他國家政權的大膽直言,他的媽媽已經被抓走並處決了。
Every day of my working week in my early twenties, I was reminded how incredibly fortunate I was, to live in a country with a democratically elected government, where legal representation and a public trial were the rights of everyone.
在我二十出頭的每個工作的日子裡,我一再被提醒自己是多麼無法置信的幸運,能住在一個有著民選政府的國家中,在這裡法律代理和公開審判是每個人的權利。
在我二十出頭的每個工作的日子裡,我一再被提醒自己是多麼無法置信的幸運,能住在一個有著民選政府的國家中,在這裡法律代理和公開審判是每個人的權利。
Every day, I saw more evidence about the evils humankind will inflict on their fellow humans, to gain or maintain power. I began to have nightmares, literal nightmares, about some of the things I saw, heard and read.
每一天,我看到更多證據,都是關於人類為了獲得或維持權力而會在同胞身上所施加的惡行。我開始做惡夢,真正的惡夢,有關於我看到、聽到或讀到的某些事情。
每一天,我看到更多證據,都是關於人類為了獲得或維持權力而會在同胞身上所施加的惡行。我開始做惡夢,真正的惡夢,有關於我看到、聽到或讀到的某些事情。
And yet, I also learned more about human goodness at Amnesty International than I had ever known before.
然而,在國際特赦組織裡,我也獲悉了更多前所未聞的人類善行。
然而,在國際特赦組織裡,我也獲悉了更多前所未聞的人類善行。
Amnesty mobilizes thousands of people who have never been tortured or imprisoned for their beliefs to act on behalf of those who have. The power of human empathy, leading to collective action, saves lives and frees prisoners. Ordinary people, whose personal well-being and security are assured, join together in huge numbers to save people they do not know, and will never meet. My small participation in that process was one of the most humbling and inspiring experiences of my life.
國際特赦組織將數千名未曾因信仰而遭受嚴刑拷打或身陷囹圄的人們動員起來,代表那些受難者做出行動。人類同理心的力量,造成集體行動,拯救生命及解救被囚禁的人。平凡的人,個人福祉及安全受到保障的人們集結成群來拯救他們不認識、也永遠不會見到的人們。我在這過程中小小的參與是我此生最令自己感到謙卑也最發人深省的體驗。
國際特赦組織將數千名未曾因信仰而遭受嚴刑拷打或身陷囹圄的人們動員起來,代表那些受難者做出行動。人類同理心的力量,造成集體行動,拯救生命及解救被囚禁的人。平凡的人,個人福祉及安全受到保障的人們集結成群來拯救他們不認識、也永遠不會見到的人們。我在這過程中小小的參與是我此生最令自己感到謙卑也最發人深省的體驗。
Unlike any other creature on this planet, human beings can learn and understand, without having experienced. They can think themselves into other people's places.
不像這星球上的任何其他生物,人類就算不曾經歷過,也會學習、理解。他們能夠設身處地的替他人著想。
不像這星球上的任何其他生物,人類就算不曾經歷過,也會學習、理解。他們能夠設身處地的替他人著想。
Of course, this is a power, like my brand of fictional magic that is morally neutral. One might use such an ability to manipulate or control, just as much as to understand or sympathize.
當然,這是一種力量,就像我那在道德上中立的獨特虛構魔法一樣。人也許會用這樣一種能力來操縱、控制,就如同用它來理解或同情他人一樣。
當然,這是一種力量,就像我那在道德上中立的獨特虛構魔法一樣。人也許會用這樣一種能力來操縱、控制,就如同用它來理解或同情他人一樣。
And many prefer not to exercise their imaginations at all. They choose to remain comfortably within the bounds of their own experience, never troubling to wonder how it would feel to have been born other than they are. They can refuse to hear screams or peer inside cages. They can close their minds and hearts to any suffering that does not touch them personally. They can refuse to know.
許多人寧可完全不運用他們的想像力。他們選擇舒服地留在自身經驗的領域裡,永遠不費心去想如果他們生來並非如此將會是什麼感覺。他們可以拒絕聆聽尖叫聲或凝視牢籠裡的狀況。他們可以對任何不會親身體會到的苦難關上心扉。他們可以拒絕去了解。
許多人寧可完全不運用他們的想像力。他們選擇舒服地留在自身經驗的領域裡,永遠不費心去想如果他們生來並非如此將會是什麼感覺。他們可以拒絕聆聽尖叫聲或凝視牢籠裡的狀況。他們可以對任何不會親身體會到的苦難關上心扉。他們可以拒絕去了解。
I might be tempted to envy people who can live that way, except that I do not think they have any fewer nightmares than I do.Choosing to live in narrow spaces leads to a form of mental agoraphobia, and that brings its own terrors. I think the willfully unimaginatives see more monsters. They are often more afraid.
我也許會受到誘惑忌妒那些可如此過活的人們,只是我並不認為他們所作的惡夢會比我少。選擇在窄小的空間中過活導致一種心理上的開放空間恐慌症,而那也引起自身的恐懼。我認為那些故意不去想像的人會看到更多野獸。他們通常更害怕。
我也許會受到誘惑忌妒那些可如此過活的人們,只是我並不認為他們所作的惡夢會比我少。選擇在窄小的空間中過活導致一種心理上的開放空間恐慌症,而那也引起自身的恐懼。我認為那些故意不去想像的人會看到更多野獸。他們通常更害怕。
What is more, those who choose not to empathize enable real monsters. For without ever committing an act of outright evil ourselves, we collude with it, through our own apathy.
再說,那些選擇不去表達同情的人們使那些真正的野獸得以橫行。因為雖然我們自己從未犯下公開的惡行,但透過自身的冷漠,我們與邪惡密謀。
再說,那些選擇不去表達同情的人們使那些真正的野獸得以橫行。因為雖然我們自己從未犯下公開的惡行,但透過自身的冷漠,我們與邪惡密謀。
One of the many things I learned at the end of that Classics corridor down which I ventured at the age of eighteen, in search of something I could not then define was this, written by the Greek author Plutarch: what we achieve inwardly will change outer reality.
我十八歲時在古典文學走廊的盡頭冒險,尋找一些當時無法定義的事物,所學到的諸多事情之一是這個,由希臘作者Plutarch所寫:我們在內心所實現的,將改變外界的現實。
我十八歲時在古典文學走廊的盡頭冒險,尋找一些當時無法定義的事物,所學到的諸多事情之一是這個,由希臘作者Plutarch所寫:我們在內心所實現的,將改變外界的現實。
That is an astonishing statement and yet proven a thousand times every day of our lives. It expresses, in part, our inescapable connection with the outside world, the fact that we touch other people's lives simply by existing.
那是個很驚人的說法,然而在我們生命中,它每天都被證實了上千次。某種程度而言,它表達著我們與外在世界不可避免的連結,僅僅存在我們便會觸動他人人生的事實。
那是個很驚人的說法,然而在我們生命中,它每天都被證實了上千次。某種程度而言,它表達著我們與外在世界不可避免的連結,僅僅存在我們便會觸動他人人生的事實。
But how much more are you, Harvard graduates of 2008, likely to touch other people's lives? Your intelligence, your capacity for hard work, the education you have earned and received, give you unique status, and unique responsibilities. Even your nationality sets you apart. The great majority of you belong to the world's only remaining superpower. The way you vote, the way you live, the way you protest, the pressure you bring to bear on your government, has an impact way beyond your borders. That is your privilege, and your burden.
但哈佛2008年的畢業生們,你們又是多麼更可能地會影響到其他人的人生?你們的聰明才智、你們處理繁重工作的能力、你們所掙得及所接受的教育,賦予你們特殊的身分地位,和特有的責任。甚至連你們的國籍都使得你們與眾不同。你們之中絕大多數的人屬於世上僅存的超級大國。你投票的方式、生活的方式、抗議的方式、你為你的政府所帶來的壓力,有著遠遠超越國界的影響力。這是你的特權,也是你的重擔。
但哈佛2008年的畢業生們,你們又是多麼更可能地會影響到其他人的人生?你們的聰明才智、你們處理繁重工作的能力、你們所掙得及所接受的教育,賦予你們特殊的身分地位,和特有的責任。甚至連你們的國籍都使得你們與眾不同。你們之中絕大多數的人屬於世上僅存的超級大國。你投票的方式、生活的方式、抗議的方式、你為你的政府所帶來的壓力,有著遠遠超越國界的影響力。這是你的特權,也是你的重擔。
If you choose to use your status and influence to raise your voice on behalf of those who have no voice, if you choose to identify not only with the powerful, but with the powerless, if you retain the ability to imagine yourself into the lives of those who do not have your advantages, then it will not only be your proud families who celebrate your existence, but thousands and millions of people whose reality you have helped change. We do not need magic to transform our world. We carry all the power we need inside ourselves already. We have the power to imagine better.
如果你選擇運用你的地位和影響力替那些沒有聲音的人發聲,如果你選擇認同不僅是那些有權勢的人,還有那些無權無勢的人,如果你保有能力想像自己是那些沒有你那些優勢的人,那麼不僅是你驕傲的家人他們歡慶你的存在,還有那些成千上萬你曾幫助過改變現狀的人也會歡慶你的存在。我們不需要魔法來改變我們的世界。我們自身已擁有所有我們所需的力量。我們有能力想像得更好。
如果你選擇運用你的地位和影響力替那些沒有聲音的人發聲,如果你選擇認同不僅是那些有權勢的人,還有那些無權無勢的人,如果你保有能力想像自己是那些沒有你那些優勢的人,那麼不僅是你驕傲的家人他們歡慶你的存在,還有那些成千上萬你曾幫助過改變現狀的人也會歡慶你的存在。我們不需要魔法來改變我們的世界。我們自身已擁有所有我們所需的力量。我們有能力想像得更好。
I am nearly finished. I have one last hope for you, which is something that I already had at twenty-one. The friends with whom I sat on graduation day have been my friends for life. They are my children's godparents, the people to whom I've been able to turn in times of real trouble, people who have been kind enough not to sue me when I took their names for Death Eaters. At our graduation, we were bound by enormous affection, by our shared experience of a time that could never come again, and, of course, by the knowledge that we held certain photographic evidence that would be exceptionally valuable if any of us ran for Prime Minister.
我就快講完了。我對你們還有最後一個期望,而這是我在二十一歲時就已經擁有的。在畢業典禮上坐我旁邊的朋友已是我一生的朋友。他們是我孩子的教父母,是我在遭遇真正困難時能尋求協助的人,也是當我拿他們的名字來命名食屍鬼時,一直對我夠寬容而不會控告我的朋友們。在我們的畢業典禮上,我們被巨大的情誼綁在一起,被我們永不復返的共同經歷給綁在一起,當然,還有被我們握有某張照片證據的那認知給綁在一起,如果我們之中任何人參選首相,那張照片證據會非常有價值。
我就快講完了。我對你們還有最後一個期望,而這是我在二十一歲時就已經擁有的。在畢業典禮上坐我旁邊的朋友已是我一生的朋友。他們是我孩子的教父母,是我在遭遇真正困難時能尋求協助的人,也是當我拿他們的名字來命名食屍鬼時,一直對我夠寬容而不會控告我的朋友們。在我們的畢業典禮上,我們被巨大的情誼綁在一起,被我們永不復返的共同經歷給綁在一起,當然,還有被我們握有某張照片證據的那認知給綁在一起,如果我們之中任何人參選首相,那張照片證據會非常有價值。
So today, I wish you nothing better than similar friendships. And tomorrow, I hope that even if you remember not a single word of mine, you remember those of Seneca, another of those old Romans I met when I fled down the Classics corridor, in retreat from career ladders, in search of ancient wisdom, "As is a tale, so is life: not how long it is, but how good it is, is what matters."
所以今天,我僅祝福你們擁有類似的友誼。而明天,我希望就算你不記得我說的任何一個字,你會記得那些Seneca說的話,(當我逃往古典文學長廊之時,為了要從職場競爭中撤退、尋求先人智慧,所認識的另一位古羅馬人):「人生就像故事一樣:不要在意它有多長,而是它有多美好,這才是重點。」
所以今天,我僅祝福你們擁有類似的友誼。而明天,我希望就算你不記得我說的任何一個字,你會記得那些Seneca說的話,(當我逃往古典文學長廊之時,為了要從職場競爭中撤退、尋求先人智慧,所認識的另一位古羅馬人):「人生就像故事一樣:不要在意它有多長,而是它有多美好,這才是重點。」
I wish you all very good lives. Thank you very much.
祝你們擁有美好的未來。非常謝謝你們。
祝你們擁有美好的未來。非常謝謝你們。
註一:J.K. Rowling在此對哈利波特書中角色的性別取向開玩笑,她曾在紐約舉辦的哈利波特第七集簽售會上公開宣布霍華格茲校長鄧不利多正式出櫃。
註二:愛丁堡的The Elephant House咖啡店。